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China’s new Type 054B frigate exposes US naval inertia - The Belt and Noose
February 17, 2025

China’s new Type 054B frigate exposes US naval inertia

China’s new Type 054B frigate exposes US naval inertia

China’s new Type 054B frigate exposes US naval inertia

By Richard Thomas
24 January 2025

The commissioning of the first of a next generation of surface combatants for China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), the Type 054B frigate Luohe, has once again highlighted the disparity of the pace of development between Beijing and its superpower rival, the United States.

Laid down in 2022 at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard and launched in 2023, the first of the Type 054B frigates is being followed by a second vessel, currently in build at Huangpu Shipyard. Also known as the Jiangkai III class under Nato designation, the US Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) states that “multiple units” are under construction.

As the latest variant of the earlier Type 54A/Jiangkai I and ‘Mod’ II frigates, the Type 054B is likely to be larger than the 134m length and 4,000 tonne displacement of earlier designs, potentially in the 6,000 tonne and 140-150m range.

It is likely that the Type 054B design was long planned, in keeping with the PLAN’s current program to rapidly develop and transit through generations of surface combatants, in what appears to be a process of spiral development to incorporate new technologies and weaponry.

A 2024 update from the ONI revealed the PLAN had 50 Jiangkai-class frigates in service, with the more modern Jiangkai II guided missile frigates forming the bulk of this force, with 40 operational vessels. The PLAN also has 50 Jiangdao light frigates operational, which could be classified as corvettes, with a length of 90m.

Additional large combatant classes include two Luhu-class destroyers, four Sovremennyy DDGs in two distinct batches, a single Luhai DDG, and two Luzhou-class DDGs.

Comparing the Constellation

In comparison, the US Navy is building the first of the Constellation-class frigates, a process which began in 2022 and still years away from entering service.

A May 2024 report by the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) said the build of the US Navy’s first Constellation-class frigate was “at a standstill” amid continued delays of a program that sought to provide an effective solution to the woes of its Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) forebearer.

“Due to ongoing major design challenges, construction on the first ship is at a standstill. Now, the Navy forecasts the ship will be delivered three years late,” the GAO report stated.

A consequence of delays in completing ship design have created “mounting construction delays”, with the US Navy acknowledging that the planned April 2026 delivery date of first-in-class USS Constellation – which was set in the contract at the award – is unachievable.

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